Which of the following best illustrates a proposition of value?

The statement "Education improves society" best illustrates a proposition of value because it makes a judgment about the worth or importance of education in relation to societal well-being. Propositions of value express opinions or beliefs about the desirability or ethical implications of something, and this statement aligns well with that definition. It suggests a preference for valuing education and its positive impact on society.

In contrast, the other statements primarily present facts or matters of fact rather than judgments of value. The assertion that "Climate change is real" and "Vaccination prevents disease" focus on factual claims about environmental science and public health, respectively. The statement "We should increase the minimum wage," while it implies a value-based outcome, is more of a policy proposal than a direct assertion of how something is valued in terms of ethics or desirability. Thus, the strongest example of a proposition of value is indeed found in the notion that education contributes positively to societal improvement.