What is the primary role of a control group in an experiment?

The primary role of a control group in an experiment is to provide a standard for comparison with the experimental group. In scientific research, the control group consists of participants or subjects who are not exposed to the experimental treatment or causal agent being studied. By doing this, researchers can observe the effects of the treatment by comparing the results from the experimental group (which receives the treatment) to those of the control group (which does not).

This comparison allows for a clearer understanding of whether any observed changes in the experimental group can be attributed to the treatment rather than other confounding factors. It essentially helps isolate the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable, making it easier to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Without a control group, it would be challenging to discern whether the outcomes were due to the treatment or perhaps other uncontrolled variables that might influence the results.