What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is fundamentally an explanatory statement that proposes a relationship between two or more variables, particularly indicating that one event causes another. This assumption is pivotal in scientific inquiry as it generates testable predictions that can be investigated through experimentation or observation.

When a researcher formulates a hypothesis, they often base it on prior knowledge, theories, or observations. This statement serves as a starting point for conducting research, leading to the collection and analysis of data to support or refute the hypothesis. Since a hypothesis is not merely a question or a method but rather a specific assertion about causality, it is critical for setting the direction of a study and allowing researchers to draw potential conclusions based on empirical evidence.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent what a hypothesis is. A definitive conclusion derived from research reflects the results of findings, while a question posed for investigation describes the inquiry phase rather than the predictive nature of a hypothesis. Lastly, a method for collecting data refers to the process of gathering information, which is distinct from the formulation of a hypothesis itself.