What does "arguing from succession alone" imply?

Arguing from succession alone involves attributing causation to an event simply because it occurs before another event. This type of reasoning is common in debates and discussions where a sequence of events is presented as evidence for a causal relationship without substantial proof. For instance, if Event A happens before Event B, one might conclude that Event A caused Event B. However, this reasoning lacks additional evidence to confirm that the relationship is indeed causal rather than coincidental or due to other influencing factors.

The other options refer to different aspects of reasoning in arguments. Using existing data to support an argument pertains to evidence-based arguments (which is broader than just succession). Establishing correlation through control groups involves experimental methods and is a more rigorous approach than simply observing the sequence of events. Conducting observational studies also diverges from this concept, as it implies a systematic approach to understanding phenomena through observation rather than inferring causes from timing alone.