What do you call the unnecessary repetition of an idea or term?

The unnecessary repetition of an idea or term is referred to as redundancy. Redundancy occurs when a phrase or expression includes more words than necessary to convey the intended meaning, often resulting in verbosity or lack of clarity. In communication, redundant elements can detract from the overall effectiveness, making it more challenging for the audience to grasp the core message.

For example, phrases like "free gift" or "ATM machine" include redundant components because the added words do not contribute additional meaning. Recognizing and eliminating redundancy is an essential skill in both writing and speaking, helping to create clearer and more concise communication.